Endometriosis & Adenomyosis

Understanding Endometriosis and Adenomyosis

Endometriosis and adenomyosis are gynaecological conditions that affect the uterus and can lead to pain, heavy bleeding, and fertility issues. While they share similarities, they are distinct conditions with different characteristics.

What is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This misplaced tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs, leading to inflammation, scarring, and adhesions.

What is Adenomyosis?

Adenomyosis is a condition where the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular wall of the uterus. This can cause the uterus to become enlarged, leading to heavy bleeding and pain.

Symptoms of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis

Both conditions may cause similar symptoms, including:

- Pelvic pain and cramping

- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

- Pain during intercourse

- Painful bowel movements or urination

- Fatigue

- Infertility (more common with endometriosis)

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of endometriosis and adenomyosis is unknown, but factors that may contribute include:

- Hormonal imbalances

- Genetic predisposition

- Previous uterine surgery (e.g., C-section)

- Inflammation or immune system disorders

Diagnosis

Diagnosing these conditions involves:

• Medical History and Physical Exam: Evaluating symptoms and conducting a pelvic examination.
• Ultrasound or MRI: Imaging to detect abnormalities in the uterus or pelvic organs.
• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to confirm endometriosis.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and whether the patient desires future pregnancies.

Medications:

  - Hormonal therapy to reduce tissue growth

  - Pain relievers for symptom management

Minimally Invasive Procedures:

  - Laparoscopic surgery to remove endometrial tissue

  - Endometrial ablation for adenomyosis

Hysterectomy:

  - Complete removal of the uterus may be recommended for severe adenomyosis or if other treatments fail.

Lifestyle and Support

Lifestyle changes and supportive therapies can help manage symptoms:

- Regular exercise and stress management

- Anti-inflammatory diet

- Physical therapy for pelvic pain

- Support groups for emotional well-being

Conclusion

Endometriosis and adenomyosis can significantly impact quality of life, but early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms. If you experience severe menstrual pain or abnormal bleeding, consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and personalised care.