Ovarian Cancer

Understanding Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. It often goes undetected until it has spread to the pelvis and abdomen, making early detection crucial.

Types of Ovarian Cancer

There are several types of ovarian cancer, including:

• Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: The most common type, originating from the outer surface of the ovary.
• Germ Cell Tumours: Developing from the cells that produce eggs, typically in younger women.
• Stromal Tumours: Forming from the cells that produce hormones within the ovary.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase the risk of ovarian cancer include:

- Age (most common in women over 50)

- Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer

- Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2)

- Hormone replacement therapy

- Endometriosis

- Obesity

Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Early-stage ovarian cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:

- Abdominal bloating or swelling

- Pelvic pain or pressure

- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly

- Frequent urination

- Changes in bowel habits

- Unexplained weight loss

Diagnosis

To diagnose ovarian cancer, your doctor may recommend:

Pelvic Exam: Checking for abnormalities in the ovaries or surrounding tissues.

Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to visualise the ovaries.

Blood Tests: CA-125 blood test, which measures a protein often elevated in ovarian cancer.

Biopsy: Removal and examination of tissue to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the stage and type of ovarian cancer and may include:

• Surgery: Removing one or both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, and possibly the uterus and other biopsies
• Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
• Targeted Therapy: Drugs designed to target specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.
• Radiation Therapy: Rarely used but may be an option in certain cases.

Prevention and Early Detection

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent ovarian cancer, the following may reduce your risk:

- Using oral contraceptives

- Pregnancy and breastfeeding

- Maintaining a healthy weight

- Considering preventive surgery if at high genetic risk

- Regular gynecological check-ups

Conclusion

Ovarian cancer can be challenging to detect early, but knowing the symptoms and risk factors can lead to earlier diagnosis and improved outcomes. If you experience persistent symptoms, consult your healthcare provider promptly for further evaluation.