Fibroids

Understanding Fibroids

Fibroids are non-cancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in or around the uterus. While they often cause no symptoms, they can lead to pain, heavy periods, and fertility issues.

Types of Fibroids

• Intramural: Located within the uterine wall.
• Submucosal: Develop beneath the uterine lining and may protrude into the womb.
• Subserosal: Form on the outer wall of the uterus, potentially affecting surrounding organs.
• Pedunculated: Attached to the uterus by a thin stem, either inside or outside.

Symptoms to Watch For

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Lower back pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Frequent urination or constipation

Causes and Risk Factors

• Fibroids are linked to high oestrogen levels. Common risk factors include:
• Family history of fibroids
• African-Caribbean heritage
• Obesity or being overweight
• Never having given birth

Diagnosis

Fibroids are usually discovered during routine gynecological exams or prenatal ultrasounds. Additional imaging like MRI or CT scans may be recommended to determine their size and location.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, fibroid size, location, and future pregnancy plans. Options include:

Medication: Hormonal therapy to shrink fibroids and manage symptoms.

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): Blocks blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink.

Endometrial Ablation: Removes the uterine lining to treat small fibroids.

Myomectomy: Surgically removes fibroids while preserving the uterus.

Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus, eliminating the possibility of fibroid recurrence.

Fibroids and Pregnancy

Fibroids may increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery, or necessitate a C-section. If you are pregnant or planning to conceive, consult with your healthcare provider for appropriate management.

Cancer Risk and Fibroids

Fibroids are almost always benign. In rare cases, they can become cancerous, but this is extremely uncommon.

Fibroids vs. Polyps

While fibroids are muscle growths, polyps are composed of endometrial tissue. Polyps can block fallopian tubes and carry a higher risk of becoming cancerous.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, or symptoms affecting your daily life. Early diagnosis and management can improve your quality of life and reproductive health.