Pelvic & Abdominal Pain

Understanding Pelvic and Abdominal Pain

Pelvic and abdominal pain in women can have many causes, ranging from menstrual cramps to underlying medical conditions. Pain may be acute (sudden and severe) or chronic (lasting for months).

Common Causes of Pelvic and Abdominal Pain

Gynaecological Causes:

  - Menstrual cramps (Dysmenorrhea)

  - Endometriosis

  - Ovarian cysts

  - Uterine fibroids

  - Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

  - Ectopic pregnancy

  - Miscarriage

Gastrointestinal (Bowel) Causes:

  - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

  - Constipation

  - Appendicitis

  - Diverticulitis

Urinary Causes:

  - Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

  - Kidney stones

Musculoskeletal Causes:

  - Muscle strain

  - Hernia

Symptoms to Watch For

Depending on the cause, pelvic and abdominal pain may be accompanied by:

• Heavy or irregular bleeding
• Painful urination or bowel movements
• Fever or chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating or gas
• Pain during intercourse

When to Seek Medical Attention

Immediate medical attention is necessary if you experience:

• Severe or sudden pain
• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• High fever
• Pain during pregnancy
• Dizziness or fainting

Diagnosis

Your healthcare provider may recommend:

• Physical Examination: Assessing tenderness and swelling.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
• Blood and Urine Tests: Checking for infection or hormonal imbalances.
• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to view the pelvic organs.

Treatment Options

Treatment will depend on the underlying cause:

• Medications: Pain relievers, antibiotics, or hormonal therapy.
• Lifestyle Changes: Stress management, dietary adjustments, and exercise.
• Surgical Procedures: Removal of fibroids, ovarian cysts, or treatment for endometriosis.
• Physical Therapy: Pelvic floor exercises for musculoskeletal causes.

Preventing Pelvic and Abdominal Pain

While not all causes are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:

• Practicing safe sex to prevent infections
• Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise
• Managing stress effectively
• Seeking regular gynaecological check-ups

Conclusion

Pelvic and abdominal pain can be disruptive and distressing. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for relief and preventing complications. Always consult your healthcare provider for persistent or severe pain.